
1
Introduction
Audiovisual content is increasingly being distributed to consumers in digital form—over the
Internet, cable and satellite networks, and on media such as DVDs.
This widespread availability of digital content has made content providers increasingly concerned
about unauthorized copying and use. As a result, content providers, media manufacturers and
electronics manufacturers have implemented a variety of content protection technologies that
protect access to high-value content distributed via dierent media.
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) is part of this chain of protection. It protects
the last stage in the distribution process – the transmission of content from devices such as
set-top boxes, DVD players, computers and game consoles over digital interfaces to display
devices such as high-denition digital televisions (HDTVs). To protect this content, HDCP uses
authentication and encryption techniques.
The consumer electronics ecosystem has rapidly adopted HDCP for the digital High-Denition
Multimedia Interface (HDMI). Major manufacturers are incorporating HDCP into their products;
roughly one billion HDCP device keys have been shipped to date.
Manufacturers require a license to implement the HDCP specication. The HDCP specication
was originally developed by Intel Corporation and is licensed, under authorization from Intel,
as a digital output protection technology for audio and audiovisual content. Digital Content
Protection, LLC, an Intel subsidiary, is authorized to license the technology to manufacturers.
HDCP Adopters or licensees must implement HDCP products that comply with the specication
and license agreement and construct them so that they interoperate with other products
over standard interfaces. Although not mandatory, DCP recommends manufacturers perform
thorough testing of their HDCP products to properly meet these requirements.
This paper describes the role of HDCP, how it protects content, and its use in dierent consumer
devices. It discusses HDCP licensing and product interoperability testing, and briey outlines
future developments.
HDCP’s role in digital content distribution
Content protection technologies
Figure 1 shows how HDCP fits into the overall content protection picture. A variety of
technologies and standards have been developed to protect specific types of media, such
as downloaded music and movies on Blu-ray discs. Each of these technologies hands off
to HDCP for the last step: the transmission of the content via a digital interface to the
display device.
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